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供應(yīng) 磺化栲膠 /26062-79-3  |
規(guī) 格： |
25千克 |
價(jià) 格： |
4876/元/噸 |
數(shù) 量： |
10000 噸 |
交貨地： |
河南濮陽 |
發(fā)布時(shí)間： |
2019-12-17 |
有效期： |
0天 |
備 注： |
天然淀粉經(jīng)過適當(dāng)化學(xué)處理，引入某些化學(xué)基團(tuán)使分子結(jié)構(gòu)及理化性質(zhì)發(fā)生變化，生成淀粉衍生物。淀粉是一種多糖類物質(zhì)。未改性的淀粉結(jié)構(gòu)通常有兩種：直鏈淀粉和支鏈淀粉，是聚合的多糖類物質(zhì)。通常因?yàn)樗苄圆?，故往往是采用改性淀粉，即水溶性淀粉?nbsp;可溶性淀粉是經(jīng)不同方法處理得到的一類改性淀粉衍生物，不溶于冷水、乙醇和，溶于或分散于沸水中，形成膠體溶液或乳狀液體。羥丙基變性淀粉是環(huán)氧丙烷在堿性條件下與淀粉起醚化反應(yīng)而制得的一類非離子型變性淀粉。由于醚化淀粉取代醚鍵的穩(wěn)定性高，羥丙基具有親水性，能減弱淀粉顆粒結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)部氫鍵強(qiáng)度，使其易于膨脹，糊化容易，糊液透明，流動(dòng)性好，凝沉性弱，穩(wěn)定性高。在許多食品中都添加淀粉或食用膠作為增稠劑、膠凝劑、粘結(jié)劑或穩(wěn)定劑等，隨著食品科學(xué)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，食品加工工藝有很大的改變，對(duì)淀粉性質(zhì)的要求越來越高。例如：采用高溫加熱殺菌、激烈的機(jī)械攪拌、酸性食品，特別是處于加熱條件下或低溫冷凍等，都會(huì)使淀粉粘度降低和膠體性被破壞。天然淀粉不能適應(yīng)這些工藝條件，而各種植物膠雖具有較好的性能但價(jià)格昂貴，有的還依賴進(jìn)口。為了滿足一些特殊食品的加工產(chǎn)品的要求，通過選擇淀粉的類型或改性方法可以得到滿足各種特殊用途需要的淀粉制品。這些制品可以代替昂貴的原料，降低食品制造的成本，提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。 應(yīng)用改性淀粉在制革中的應(yīng)用1氧化淀粉 用氧化劑將淀粉氧化可以得到氧化淀粉。常用堿性次氯酸鹽,在氧化過程中,分子鏈斷裂得到羧基和羰基官能團(tuán)。這些基團(tuán)阻止了直鏈淀粉的締合作用。因此和普通的淀粉相比起來氧化淀粉顏色都比較淺,黏度比較低,更容易儲(chǔ)存。 Celade等人提出了一種無鉻鞣的新方法。即氧化淀粉預(yù)鞣,鈦鹽鞣制,中和,復(fù)鞣,染色,涂飾。結(jié)果表明:用有選擇性的氧化淀粉預(yù)鞣皮,可增強(qiáng)Ti和膠原的交互作用,成革手感好。 2雙醛淀粉 雙醛淀粉也是一種氧化物。通常使用高碘酸作為氧化劑。在氧化過程中,產(chǎn)生很少的游離醛基。雙醛淀粉的主要結(jié)構(gòu)是水合半醛醇和分子內(nèi)及分子間的半縮醛,它能作為含醛物料進(jìn)行反應(yīng)。作為多醛聚合物,雙醛淀粉能與膠原的氨基和亞氨基起交聯(lián)反應(yīng),為良好的鞣革劑,鞣革作用與氧化程度有關(guān),雙醛含量90%以上效果好,可使鞣制時(shí)間大大縮短,而且具有色淺質(zhì)軟和耐水洗等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 在植鞣物質(zhì)的提取過程中,淀粉可能作為一種副產(chǎn)物存在。Torr認(rèn)為淀粉的存在對(duì)植鞣不利,減弱鞣制后皮的特性。并還研究了分離淀粉的方法,L.delPezzo改進(jìn)了用分光光度法分析鞣液中雙醛淀粉的方法。A.Simoncini的研究表明: (1)雙醛淀粉可以作為鉻鞣液的蒙囿劑,并且可以增加鉻鞣劑的耐堿能力,被羰基化的雙醛淀粉由于高度電離而具有更強(qiáng)的蒙囿作用;(2)雙醛淀粉上的羰基,半縮醛能與鉻作用,同時(shí),雙醛淀粉的分解產(chǎn)物能與鉻產(chǎn)生進(jìn)一步的交聯(lián)。 雙醛能作為鞣劑用于輕革和底革的制作,在使用過程中能減少其它鞣劑的用量并縮短鞣制時(shí)間。用96%氧化度的雙醛淀粉在pH=10的條件下鞣制,加油后可得到較為滿意的皮革,雙醛淀粉可以進(jìn)行回收利用,回收的雙醛淀粉用于底革的預(yù)鞣,可以改進(jìn)鞣制速率和革的特性。用雙醛淀粉作白濕皮,單獨(dú)使用可得到令人滿意的效果。在雙醛淀粉與膠原的反應(yīng)中,膠原的堿性基團(tuán)和氨基是主要的反應(yīng)基團(tuán)。 3接枝淀粉 接枝淀粉是一種被廣泛應(yīng)用的新型材料。其結(jié)構(gòu)是以親水的、半剛性鏈為主鏈,以乙烯聚合物為支鏈。通常所使用的單體有丙烯酸、丙稀腈、丙稀酰胺等。可以通過自由基聚合的方法得到接枝淀粉,也可以通過Hoffman反應(yīng)或水解反應(yīng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)接枝反應(yīng)。 3.1接枝淀粉涂飾劑 接枝淀粉能用來做涂飾劑。羧甲基鈉淀粉用于涂飾,能夠改善成革的透氣性。聚氨基甲酸酯等與淀粉接枝共聚可得到不同的產(chǎn)品,這些產(chǎn)品用于合成革的涂飾時(shí),能改善革的柔軟性、透水汽性、手感、物理機(jī)械性能等。 3.2接枝淀粉(預(yù)、復(fù))鞣劑 近年來,根據(jù)皮革鞣制機(jī)理及淀粉結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究者開發(fā)研制了許多具有一定綠色意義的接枝淀粉鞣劑,并取得了一定的效果。呂生華等人用不同的方法降解淀粉,再與乙烯基類單體或丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯腈(AN)或丙烯酰胺(AM)等單體進(jìn)行接枝聚合制得改性淀粉復(fù)鞣劑DF-Ⅱ、改性淀粉鞣劑等系列產(chǎn)品。這些復(fù)鞣劑具有選擇填充性好,對(duì)加脂劑及染料吸收干凈,成品革豐滿、柔軟、肉面或絨面纖維分散好且有絲光效應(yīng)等特點(diǎn)。所得到的改性淀粉鞣劑,在鉻鞣時(shí)用其預(yù)鞣,比傳統(tǒng)鉻鞣法可減少鉻鞣劑用量30%~50%,鉻鞣廢液中Cr2O3含量降低到0.26g/L。用其預(yù)鞣或復(fù)鞣所得成革,選擇填充性顯著,豐滿、柔軟、粒面細(xì)膩、有彈性。氧化淀粉與乙烯基類單體接枝共聚,所得產(chǎn)物應(yīng)用于皮革復(fù)鞣效果很好。乳液共聚接枝改性淀粉復(fù)鞣劑,對(duì)鉻鞣綿羊革進(jìn)行復(fù)鞣,所得的坯革性能良好,與其它類型復(fù)鞣劑配伍應(yīng)用時(shí),用降解的淀粉和丙稀酰胺-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物,通過羥基和氨基之間的Hoffman反應(yīng)也可以制備接枝淀粉,所得的接枝淀粉用于服裝革的復(fù)鞣效果好,并有利于染色。 3.3接枝淀粉水處理劑 采用這種新型的復(fù)合型絮凝劑F-1進(jìn)行制革工業(yè)廢水處理試驗(yàn),對(duì)其絮凝效果及影響因素進(jìn)行了研究,并探討了絮凝動(dòng)力學(xué)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,F-1適用的溫度和pH值范圍寬,絮凝效果好,明顯優(yōu)于聚合氯化鋁(PAC)、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、(聚合硫酸鐵)四種常用的絮凝劑。將可溶性淀粉與丙烯酸聚合,制得的淀粉接枝丙烯酸,對(duì)重金屬離子Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附容量可達(dá)到42.23mg/g,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率可達(dá)71.11%。將丙烯腈單體接枝到交聯(lián)淀粉上,再經(jīng)過皂化制得的水不溶性接枝羧基淀粉聚合物,可去除體系中Cr3+,去除率可達(dá)97.5%。用淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺,經(jīng)胺甲基化、磺化和季胺化反應(yīng)制得強(qiáng)陽離子型兩性絮凝劑。WuChungChan等研制出的兩性淀粉吸附劑可有效地去除重金屬離子、CrO42-和2-氯酚。以馬鈴薯淀粉為原料,經(jīng)苛化后,與丙稀酰胺接枝聚合,再引入叔胺基而制備絮凝劑,對(duì)制糖及制革廠廢水具有良好的絮凝作用。 4淀粉黃原酸酯將天然淀粉采用乙酰化交聯(lián)、酯化交聯(lián)或醚化交聯(lián),再進(jìn)行黃原酸化就可得到不溶淀粉黃原酸酯(ISX),主要用于處理金屬?gòu)U水。美國(guó)早在1975年就以淀粉為原料制成不溶性淀粉黃原酸酯,并于1980年開始工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)。ISX不僅能脫除多種重金屬離子,而且在酸性條件下還能將Cr6+還原為Cr3+。不溶性淀粉黃原酸鈉鎂能與鉻、鈷、錳、鎳、鋅和其它重金屬離子生成配合物而沉淀,鈉、鎂離子則進(jìn)入水中,可將其用于工業(yè)廢水處理,除去重金屬離子。劉有才[40]對(duì)淀粉黃原酸酯(ISX)的合成進(jìn)行了研究,制備了一系列的淀粉黃原酸酯產(chǎn)品DX-1、DX-2、DX-3、DX-4,并用這些產(chǎn)品處理Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Cr3+等重金屬?gòu)U水,結(jié)果表明,脫除率大于99%,殘余濃度小于0.1mg/L,低于排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn),殘?jiān)€(wěn)定,不會(huì)引起二次污染。并探討了DX-4對(duì)制革廠廢水的處理,選用適當(dāng)藥劑配比、pH值和反應(yīng)時(shí)間,Cr3+的殘余濃度低于0.06mg/L,脫除率高達(dá)99.55%。 5其它 淀粉是一種性能良好的填充劑,在制革生產(chǎn)上曾有過應(yīng)用。但易發(fā)霉,經(jīng)適當(dāng)改性且提高其穩(wěn)定性后,可用于皮革的填充,所得成革柔軟、豐滿。作面龜裂。將陰離子加脂劑、糖漿或葡萄糖、脂肪醇和氨水按一定比例混合,可用于填充和加脂。可以改善成革的特性,增加成革的面積。用帶有羥基的脂肪族化合物可以減弱膠原纖維之間的相互作用,從而改進(jìn)成革的柔軟性。淀粉和葡萄糖是帶有羥基的化合物,對(duì)其適當(dāng)?shù)母男?對(duì)皮革有明顯的軟化作用。降解的淀粉可以用來制作合成鞣劑。李慧珠成功地從玉米芯水解副產(chǎn)物木糖醇中得到一種多羥基合成鞣劑。該合成鞣劑是木糖醇母液與含羰基的交聯(lián)劑縮合得到的產(chǎn)物。它對(duì)毛皮的鞣制效果很好,也可以用于豬皮制革,分子中的羥基和羥甲基能和膠原肽鏈結(jié)合,產(chǎn)生鞣制效果。 陰離子淀粉是一種用來制造白濕革的材料。它是一種多羥基聚合物,有利于Cr3+和膠原之間的結(jié)合。同時(shí)由于分子中帶有負(fù)電荷,在陰離子淀粉和膠原之間,或者和另一些帶正電荷的鞣劑之間會(huì)發(fā)生電價(jià)鍵結(jié)合。魏世林等人用陰離子淀粉制造白濕革,結(jié)果表明,陰離子淀粉和鋁或甲醛的混合物可以得到較為理想的白濕革,白濕革的收縮溫度可以達(dá)到80℃,成革革身豐滿。 改性淀粉做新型絮凝劑具有無毒、原料來源廣、價(jià)格低易于生物降解等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，近年來得到重視與應(yīng)用。以過硫酸銨為引發(fā)劑，通過接枝工聚反映，在淀粉骨架上引入聚丙烯酰胺，制得新型絮凝劑。合成條件：過硫酸銨1.2g，丙烯酰胺(am）與淀粉(st)配比4∶1(質(zhì)量比)，反應(yīng)溫度70℃，反應(yīng)時(shí)間4h。 改性淀粉在礦物加工中應(yīng)用氧化礦反浮選中作抑制劑，銅鉬分離中作為黃銅礦的抑制劑，以及一些非金屬礦石浮選中充當(dāng)抑制劑已大規(guī)模地得到應(yīng)用。 此外，淀粉還可以用做絮凝劑，在鐵礦石絮凝脫泥時(shí)，有用淀粉做為鐵礦石選擇性絮凝劑的。有人做了在低硅酸鹽含量時(shí)加人淀粉，有助于針鐵礦的絮凝；玉米淀粉和木薯淀粉可作為阿巴賈鐵礦石的選擇性絮凝劑來使用，精礦品位和回收率都報(bào)高。該技術(shù)在近年來已經(jīng)開始用于細(xì)粒鐵礦物和細(xì)泥的富集。 在油田化學(xué)品中的應(yīng)用除了提高改性淀粉的抗溫性能以作鉆井液處理劑外，還應(yīng)注重多性能淀粉油田化學(xué)品研究，開發(fā)淀粉化學(xué)品在驅(qū)油劑、破乳劑、降粘劑、堵水劑、解堵劑、水泥漿處理劑等油田生產(chǎn)各領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。 改性淀粉在造紙中的地位改性淀粉目前已是造紙工業(yè)的重要化學(xué)品.我國(guó)造紙業(yè)直到八十年代初才開始批量采用淀粉添加劑,二十多年來,造紙用淀粉的數(shù)量雖然逐年增加很快。
Natural starch after appropriate chemical treatment, the introduction of certain chemical groups make the molecular structure and physicochemical properties change, generation of starch derivatives. Starch is a kind of polysaccharide. The unmodified starch structure usually has two kinds: amylose and amylopectin, was a polysaccharide polymerization. Usually because of poor water solubility, so it is often used in modified starch, water soluble starch. Soluble starch is a kind of by different methods to obtain modified starch derivative, insoluble in cold water, ethanol and, dissolved or dispersed in the boiling water, the formation of colloid solution or emulsion liquid. Hydroxypropyl starch is propylene oxide in alkaline conditions and etherification of starch has a class of nonionic starch prepared. Because the stability of ether bonds etherified starch substituted hydroxypropyl high, having a hydrophilic, can weaken the internal bond strength of starch granule structure, which makes it easy to expand, gelatinization easier, paste liquid and transparent, good fluidity, weak retrogradation, high stability. In many foods are fortified with starch or edible gum as the thickening agent, gelling agent, binder or stabilizer and so on, with the development of food science and technology, food processing technology has great changes on the properties of starch, the increasingly high demand. For example: using high temperature heating sterilization, intense mechanical stirring, acidic food, especially in the heating conditions or frozen, will make the starch viscosity reducing and colloid was destroyed. Natural starch can not meet the technical conditions, and a variety of plant gum has better performance but expensive, some still rely on imports. In order to meet the processing products of some special food requirements, through the selection of starch type or modified method can satisfy various needs for special purposes of starch products. These products can replace the expensive raw materials, reduce food manufacturing cost, improve economic benefits. Application of modified starch in leather making using 1 oxidized starch with an oxidizing agent can be oxidized starch oxidized starch. Commonly used alkaline hypochlorite, during oxidation, molecular chain fracture obtained carbonyl and carboxyl functional groups. These groups to stop associating amylose. Therefore and ordinary starch compared with oxidized starch colors are relatively shallow, low viscosity, easier to store. Celade et al. Proposed a new method of chrome free tanning. That is, the oxidized starch pretanning, titanium salt tanning, retanning, neutralization, dyeing, finishing. The results show that: with the oxidized starch pre tanning selective, can enhance the interaction of Ti and collagen, leather feel good. 2 double aldehyde starch dialdehyde starch is a kind of oxide. Usually the use of periodate as oxidant. In the oxidation process, produce a few free aldehyde. The main structure of dialdehyde starch is hemiacetal hydrated semi aldehyde and intra - and inter molecular, it can be used as material for reaction with aldehyde. As a multi aldehyde polymer, dialdehyde starch can afford the cross-linking reaction with collagen amino and imino, good for tanning agent, tanning effects associated with the degree of oxidation, dialdehyde content more than 90% effect is good, can make the tanning time shortens greatly, but also has light color quality soft and washable etc.. In the process of extraction of vegetable tanning materials, starch may exist as a byproduct. Torr believes that the presence of starch to the disadvantage of tanning, tanning properties decreased after skin. And the method of separation of starch has been also studied, L.delPezzo improved the method of dialdehyde starch tanning liquid using spectrophotometric analysis. A.Simoncini research shows that: (1) masking agent of dialdehyde starch can be used as tanning liquor, and can increase the alkali resistant ability of chrome tanning agent, by masking effect of dialdehyde starch carbonylation and has stronger due to the highly ionized; (2) carbonyl dialdehyde starch, hemiacetal with chromium effect of decomposition products, at the same time, dialdehyde starch can produce further crosslinked with chromium. Double aldehyde can be used as tanning light leather production and sole leather, can reduce the other tanning agent dosage and shorten the time in the using process of tanning. The dialdehyde starch with 96% degree of oxidation of tanning on the condition of pH=10, the gas can obtain satisfactory leather, dialdehyde starch can be recycled, pretanning dialdehyde starch recovery for a sole leather, tanning properties can be improved and the rate of leather. As wet white leather with dialdehyde starch, used alone can get satisfactory effect. The dialdehyde starch with collagen response, basic groups and amino groups of collagen is the main reaction. 3 graft starch grafted starch is a kind of new material which is widely used. Its structure is based on semi rigid hydrophilic chain, as the backbone, with ethylene polymer is a branched chain. Monomer usually use with acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylamide etc.. Methods can be obtained by free radical polymerization of grafted starch, can also through the Hoffman reaction or hydrolysis reaction to achieve the grafting reaction.
鄭召國(guó)
河南省銘泰化工有限公司
電話：0393-2216206
手機(jī)：13700803703
傳真：0393-2216206
郵箱： hnmingtai@163.com
地址：河南省濮陽市臺(tái)前縣銘泰工業(yè)區(qū) |
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